With the rapid development of 3D printing technology, the types and applications of 3D printing filaments are becoming more and more extensive. However, the ensuing safety issues cannot be ignored, especially the impact of radioactive substances that may be produced during the printing process on the environment and human health. Therefore, it is particularly important to test the radiation of 3D printed filament.

The radiation test is mainly concerned with the harmful substances that may be released by the filament in the high-temperature melting state, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ultra-fine particles (UFPs). These substances accumulate in enclosed or poorly ventilated environments and may negatively affect the operator's respiratory system and central nervous system.

First, radiation testing needs to be conducted in a controlled environment to ensure the accuracy and repeatability of test results. Testing usually involves the following steps:

Sample preparation: Select a representative sample of 3D printed filament, including commonly used materials such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), and nylon.

Test equipment: Use professional radiation test equipment, such as high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), to detect and analyze released VOCs and UFPs.

Test conditions: Simulate the actual printing conditions, and set different temperature, humidity and ventilation conditions to evaluate the emission of radioactive substances in different environments.

Data analysis: Collect test data to analyze the types, concentrations and emission rates of radioactive substances and compare them with relevant safety standards and guidelines.

Results evaluation: According to the data analysis results, the radiation risk of 3D printing filament was evaluated, and corresponding improvement measures and suggestions were put forward.

During the test, the researchers found that the emission of radioactive substances varied significantly between different filaments. For example, ABS filament releases more than 175 different VOCs at high temperatures, including some known carcinogens such as styrene and dichloromethane. Although PLA filament also produces VOCs, its emission rate and toxicity are relatively low. In addition, nylon filament will release caprolactam and other substances, causing irritation to the eyes, skin and respiratory system.

In order to reduce the harm of 3D printing filament radiation substances to the operator, the following are some effective protective measures:

Ventilation equipment: Install a local exhaust ventilation system near the 3D printer, or place the printer in a fume hood to ensure the timely discharge of harmful substances.

Personal protection: Operators should wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gas masks, gloves and goggles, to reduce exposure to radioactive substances.

Safe operation: Develop and follow standard operating procedures, avoid standing near or above the printer during the printing process, and prohibit eating and drinking near the print shop.

Material selection: Low radiation and low toxicity 3D printing filament is preferred, such as PLA and other bio-based materials.

Equipment maintenance: Regular maintenance and inspection of 3D printing equipment to ensure its normal operation and safety.

Through strict radiation testing and effective protective measures, the risk of 3D printing filament to operators and the environment can be significantly reduced. With the continuous improvement of relevant standards and technological progress, the future 3D printing technology will bring more innovation and applications to all walks of life on a more secure and reliable basis.